Steering feel improvement by mathematical modeling of the Electric Power Steering system

Currently, the Electric Power Steering (EPS) system is an essential component of the vehicle because it provides assistive steering torque to the driver. To ensure a faster steering response, the position of the EPS in some vehicles is moved closer to the tire rather than the steering wheel. The steering torque, which is provided by the EPS in the steering system, mainly affects the driver’s feel while steering. Therefore, the driver often feels uncomfortable owing to such positioning of the EPS in the steering system. In particular, the nonlinearity of the Universal Joint (UJ), which is one of parts of the steering system, can be felt at the steering wheel side.In this paper, we proposed an algorithm based on the mathematical model of the steering torque in the steering system to improve the steering feel. The mathematical model is structured using parameters that can be obtained from the information of the steering system. Moreover, the formulation of the steering torque consists of the two parts, namely the deformation part, which describes the propagation inside the steering system, and the friction part that describes the inherent friction in the UJ.Simulation and experiments were conducted to verify the proposed mathematical model with similar conditions to the real tire load during the steering motion. Furthermore, to improve the driver’s feel during steering, a torque compensation algorithm is proposed and verified through experiments.     

改善60 t EAF-LF-VD-CC流程冶炼齿轮钢FAS3420H洁净度的研究

以抚顺特钢一炼钢厂的生产数据为实践依据,以改善汽车齿轮钢FAS3420H的洁净度为目的。使用扫描电镜分析水口结瘤物和棒材中氧化物夹杂的化学成分,确定了通过减少钢中的B类夹杂物来解决水口结瘤问题的方向。通过优化电弧炉供氧曲线降低钢水氧化性、优化精炼炉渣流动性和碱度提高夹杂物吸附能力等措施,解决了连铸过程水口结瘤问题,同时达到棒材的氧含量平均值为9.2×10^-6,B类夹杂物B细不高于1.0级、B粗不高于0.5级的控制水平。     

A precision CNC turn-mill machining center with gear hobbing capability

With ever increasing demand for small parts with complex shapes and high dimensional accuracy, many traditional machine tools have become ineffective for machining these miniature components. Typical examples include dental implants, parts used in mechanical watch movements, and parts used in medical endoscopes. This paper introduces our PC-controlled CNC turn-mill machining center. It has 5 axes, an automatic bar feeder, an automatic part collection tray, and a tool changer. It features a special control algorithm for the synchronization of its axes that produces not only higher accuracy but also makes the machine easier to use. In addition, a volumetric error compensation algorithm is implemented to improve accuracy. Based on experiments, the machining error is ±3 μm for turning, ±7 μm for milling and the maximum profile error is less than ±7.5 μm for gear hobbing.     

Experimental investigation on the effect of tangential force on wear and rolling contact fatigue behaviors of wheel material

The study aims to explore the effect of tangential force on wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) behaviors of wheel material using a JD-1 wheel/rail simulation facility. The normal, tangential and lateral forces between the wheel/rail rollers are controlled, and the magnetic power brake was used to generate the tangential forces (16–330 N). The results indicate that the surface hardness and wear loss of wheel rollers increase with the tangential force increasing. The surface cracks mouths are perpendicular to the resultant directions of the frictional forces. There are visible secondary cracks and multilayer cracks and the interlayer material of multilayer cracks are easy to break. The compositions of wear debris consist of Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄ and iron.     

负压力角弧齿离合器铣齿机关键结构设计与加工仿真

负压力角弧齿离合器因承载能力强、啮合性能好、传动可靠性高等优势,被广泛应用于重型卡车驱动桥主减速器总成中。对负压力角弧齿离合器加工用的专用铣齿机的关键部件设计技术进行研究,构建铣齿加工数学模型,根据加工特点开展刀具箱、工件箱的结构功能分析,基于仿真软件建立等效机床模型,编制加工程序完成凸面齿与凹面齿的加工仿真与分析,验证了铣齿机设计方案的正确性。     

具有压差反馈与控制功能的齿轮流量计研究

针对传统齿轮流量计由于压差导致的泄漏及磨损问题,设计一套零压差、高精度的齿轮流量计流量测量系统。基于LVDT信号处理芯片AD698以及STM32F407VGT6型微控制器,完成LVDT信号处理、电源转换、电机驱动、通信接口等硬件电路设计,基于数字PID,开发电机转速跟随流量流速的控制算法及流量测量软件,搭建实现零压差测量的高精度流量测量平台。结果表明：具有压差反馈与控制功能的测量系统能有效调节进出口之间的压差,实现零压差测量,降低了流量计的内部泄漏,具有较高的测量精度。相对误差保持在0.5%以内,能够满足高精度流量测量要求。     

不同工况下弹流润滑与齿轮动力学耦合研究

为探究线接触下齿轮传动系统与弹性流体动力润滑的耦合特性,研究采用广义有限元法建立两级齿轮传动系统,通过有限元法求啮合刚度,考虑齿轮润滑状态下的油膜刚度效应,综合叠加齿轮油膜刚度与啮合刚度,使用Newmark积分法对动力学方程进行求解,分析了耦合润滑后不同工况下齿轮啮合位置处的动力学特性和润滑特性。结果表明：齿轮综合刚度会随转速的增加而减小,随负载增加而增大;转速相比于负载对于油膜厚度影响较大,且考虑了轴的柔性后,传动系统在共振转速区内振幅变化显著,会对油膜厚度和系统振动产生一定影响,耦合油膜后在高速共振区内齿面动载荷变化明显。     

齿根裂纹下的行星齿轮系统动力学特性研究

基于集总参数法,建立太阳齿轮有裂纹状态下的行星齿轮的动力学模型。提出一种考虑轮齿过渡曲线的啮合刚度改进方法,推导齿轮健康状态和裂纹状态下的时变啮合刚度计算方法,在此基础上求解振动响应。仿真结果表明：当齿根出现裂纹时,齿根的振动响应具有明显的冲击响应特征,且可以获得太阳齿轮故障的特征频率和倍频特性。最后将仿真信号与测试信号进行对比,试验结果与仿真结果吻合性较好,验证了所提动力学模型的有效性。     

轻载装载机变速箱振动特性分析与试验

为了给装载机变速箱减振降噪提供依据,通过集中参数和有限元法相结合的方式对变速箱进行振动分析。综合考虑液力变矩器激励、齿轮系统内部激励等因素,建立装载机变速箱传动系统的弯-扭耦合动力学模型,求解得到各轴承的动态支反力;建立箱体有限元模型,进行模态分析,以轴承动态支反力为激励,在模态的基础上进行箱体谐响应分析,得到箱体在激励下的振动响应,选择箱体表面的振动测点,分析测点的振动加速度,找到并分析振动峰值及对应振型;最后进行变速箱振动试验,验证仿真的正确性。结果表明：传动系统的激励主要集中在输入和输出平行轴齿轮处,传动系统和箱体振动的峰值频率均和齿轮啮合频率相近,变速箱箱体振动较大的位置位于箱体的底部。试验与仿真对比,试验中存在和仿真相近的峰值频率,仿真和试验所得的振动加速度均方根误差值小于20%,验证了仿真的正确性。     

Chip geometry and cutting forces in gear power skiving

This paper describes a new virtual model for predicting the uncut chip geometry and cutting forces in power skiving, which is a high-speed, versatile gear cutting process. The developed kinematic model is applied in a dexel-based solid modeling engine to extract three-dimensional uncut chip geometry, from which the two-dimensional cross section is obtained via Delaunay triangulation. Cutting velocities along discretized cutter edges are calculated and used to determine the effective rake and oblique angles. Then, force predictions are made using the oblique cutting model and validated using measurements from power skiving trials performed on a DMG MORI NT5400DCG mill-turn machine.